What are the diseases of eggplant in the greenhouse and how to deal with them
Eggplants are easy-to-care crops. However, if agrotechnical rules are not followed and the climate changes abruptly, vegetables can get sick. To prevent this, gardeners take preventive measures and treat plants with protective agents.
In the article, we will consider what diseases of eggplants exist in the greenhouse and how to deal with them.
The content of the article
What diseases can threaten eggplant in a greenhouse
Diseases are isolated fusarium, late blight, tobacco mosaic. Let's take a closer look at common diseases.
Fusarium
Fungal disease appears due to high humidity and heat during fruiting... The spores of the fungus penetrate the stem and, along with the water, are carried throughout the plant. Fusarium is more susceptible to fruits that are scratched or cracked.
As a result of infection, the plants wither, grooves appear on the leaves... To prevent the appearance of fungus, gardeners disinfect the seeds before planting and spray the bushes with Bordeaux liquid or a solution of copper sulfate.
Important! In case of contamination, it is recommended to remove all plants from the greenhouse and burn them away from the garden area. The land in the greenhouse is replaced.
Botrytis (gray rot)
Gray mold is like mold... The causes of infection are untreated soil, the remains of last year's plants and weeds. Also, fruits can rot due to thickened planting. Botrytis appears in the form of spots on the leaves and stem, which become larger over time.
To avoid the appearance of rot, gardeners daily ventilate the greenhouse with the help of special vents and holes. They also make sure that the plants do not get wet: during watering, water is directed directly under the root, and not on the leaves and stems.
In case of detection of gray rot in the beds plants are treated with drugs "Gamair", "Quadris", "Acrobat". Stems and leaves are treated by spraying from a spray bottle in the early morning or evening.
Cercosporosis
Sources of cercosporosis - infected plant debris, therefore, it is important to clean the beds of debris and weeds, apply fertilizers and disinfectants before planting. The disease is a mottling that infects the leaves and then spreads to the fruit. Eggplants lose their taste, become bitter and watery. The spots grow, acquire a dark brown tint.
As a preventive measure, it is recommended to properly care for the plant: disinfect the soil and garden tools, water the beds with warm water. Mineral fertilizers - superphosphate, ammonium nitrate, potassium salt - will protect against cercosporosis. For treatment, use "Alirin B" or Bordeaux mixture. They protect the plant from fungus, reduce soil toxicity and the level of nitrates in fruits.
Mosaic
A viral disease manifests itself in the form of a green and yellow pattern on the leaves and stems... Over time, the leaves are deformed, the fruits stop growing. For prophylaxis, eggplants are planted in a greenhouse in seedlings, after pretreating the seeds and soil with a solution of potassium permanganate or succinic acid.If the mosaic has already appeared, then the infected plants are removed from the garden, and the rest are treated with copper sulfate.
Important! Often, a mosaic occurs during transplanting seedlings into a garden or during a pick. It is recommended to repot the seedlings carefully so as not to damage the still fragile and weak stems. It is better to plant seeds immediately in a larger container so as not to dive the seedlings.
Late blight
The fungus affects both adult eggplants and young bushes... It occurs due to a thickened planting, infected seeds, hot and rainy weather. Plants wither and become covered with brown spots and ulcers. The fruits become lethargic, stop developing and lose their taste.
For prevention, eggplants are planted in clean beds with neutral acidity., observe water temperature for irrigation, remove weeds. Fungus is treated with Oxyhom, Maxim, Quadris.
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Bacterial spot
Bacteria infect greenhouse eggplants during any growing season... The leaves are covered with dark spots with a yellow border, watery spots appear on the fruits, which eventually become deep sores. Bacterial spotting actively develops during the period of rains and fogs, arises from high humidity and a lack of fertilizing.
For preventive purposes, the beds are loosened and fertilized in a timely manner organics and minerals, the drug "Strobi" is used for treatment. It is brought into the ground and the beds are watered abundantly.
Sclerotinosis (white rot)
The fungus lives in the soil, tolerates frost and bad weather... It infects the roots, they become white and internal seals. Due to the disease, the plant does not get access to nutrients, stops growing and withers. Leaves become stained, eggplants become soft and bland.
The cause of the infection is irrigation with cold water, contaminated soil and garden tools... For prevention, before planting, disinfect the soil and ventilate the greenhouse daily. For treatment, copper oxychloride or Fundazol is used.
Important! When making preparations, observe the dosage indicated by the manufacturer on the package. Failure to follow the recommendations can lead to negative consequences for human health.
Why do eggplants in a greenhouse get sick?
Why do eggplants get sick? Diseases arise for various reasons. The most common are contaminated seeds and soil... It is important to pickle them before planting to protect them from bacteria, viruses and fungi.
The cause of the disease lies in the wrong choice of varieties. For regions with cold summers, greenhouse eggplant hybrids are chosen - they are resistant to diseases and pests. Mid-season or late-season varieties are suitable for planting in the south and middle lane.
Why rot
Causes of rotting eggplants in the greenhouse - high humidity and dense planting... The peculiarity of greenhouse vegetables is that the greenhouse is characterized by a special microclimate.
Pathogens actively develop in hot and humid conditions... The greenhouse is always stuffy, so gardeners regularly ventilate the building. Water for irrigating eggplants requires less water than for moistening open-air beds.
Pests and methods of dealing with them
In addition to diseases, insect pests appear on the beds.... If measures are not taken in time, they can destroy up to 80% of the entire crop.
Aphid
Aphids settle on roots, leaves and stems... It is spread by weeds, wind, ants and birds. Small green bugs suck out cell sap from the bushes and secrete poison, which causes the leaves to dry out and deform. The plant stops growing, the fruits lose their elasticity.Aphids infect the plant with diseases by secreting saliva.
Both young seedlings and adult bushes are exposed to the pest. The bugs are perfectly camouflaged, so it is recommended to regularly inspect the plants to find them.
For prevention and treatment use spraying with milk whey and ash solution. Eggplants are processed no later than two weeks before the harvest.
Whitefly
White miniature midge appears in greenhouses and greenhouses... It occurs due to heat and humidity, settles on the inner side of the leaf, so it is difficult to see it with the naked eye. Whitefly feeds on plant sap, which is why eggplants lack vitamins for further development.
Get rid of the pest with drugs "Pegasus" or "Confidor". From folk remedies, gardeners prefer herbal infusions on nettle, plantain, chamomile. They are sprayed with bushes from all sides.
Important! Sticky traps are used to kill whiteflies in the greenhouse. Pieces of plywood are smeared with petroleum jelly, honey and painted yellow. Insects mistake plywood for a sweet, bright flower and fall into traps.
Slugs
Slugs belong to the class of gastropods... Their torso is a jelly-like, viscous consistency. Slugs live alone - they sit on a leaf and envelop it with their liquid. Leaves lose color, become weak.
It is easy to find the pest - they are painted black or brown... For prophylaxis, spraying is used based on laundry soap. Copper sulfate or "HOM" is used for treatment.
Spider mite
Brown bug eats plant leaves, due to which the metabolism is disturbed, the immunity of the eggplant decreases. To prevent the appearance of the pest, the beds are thoroughly cleaned before planting, all plant residues are destroyed, the soil is etched with a solution of potassium permanganate.
In case of inactivityspider mite provoke the appearance of viruses and fungi... To get rid of the tick, use the means "Confidor" or "Neoron".
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Colorado beetle
This pest loves the entire nightshade family - and eggplants, and tomatoes, and potatoes. The insect is frost-resistant, tolerates the lowest temperatures without problems. Both larvae and adult striped individuals are dangerous for the plant.
The beetle destroys the leaves of plants before our eyes, it is not easy to get rid of it. For prevention, the beds are regularly examined, larvae and adult beetles are collected by hand.
Professional remedies are used for treatment:
- "Condafor";
- "Tornado";
- "Prestige";
- "Taboo".
Preventive measures
For growing a full-fledged crop, experienced gardeners recommend a number of preventive measures:
- Seeds are disinfected, germinated and hardened before planting.
- Eggplant is planted after greens, onions, legumes. It is not advised to use the beds after potatoes, bell peppers or tomatoes.
- A crop has not been grown on one land for more than two years in a row.
- Water the bushes in the early morning or evening to avoid sunburn.
- The water temperature for irrigation must be at least +20 ° С.
- About 1-1.5 liters are spent on one bush. If the summer is rainy and humid, then the amount of water is reduced.
- For planting in regions with cool summers, early ripening varieties are chosen.
- The distance between plants when planting should be at least 50 cm.
- Organic and mineral supplements alternate.
Conclusion
To harvest a rich harvest, it is recommended to follow the rules of cultivation and care. They protect against diseases and pests, strengthen the plant's immunity. If the crop rotation and irrigation regime are not observed, fungi such as late blight or fusarium appear on the beds.Colorado beetles or whiteflies often appear in greenhouses due to the heat and stuffiness.
To protect the crop from diseases and insects, preventive measures are used: spraying with an ash, soap or herbal solution. For treatment, they turn to fungicides for help.